1:What is ankylosing spondylitis?
2:What is axial spondyloarthritis?
3:What is the underlying cause? HLA-B27 and other disease-predisposing genes
4:Disease prevalence
5:Early symptoms
6:Eye inflammation (acute anterior uveitis)
7:Other manifestations
8:Findings on clinical examination and laboratory tests
9:Radiology, MRI, and CT
10:Diagnosis of other forms of SpA and ‘look-alikes.’
11:Other causes of chronic back pain
12:Assessment of disease activity and functional impairment
13:Patient education
14:Exercise and physical therapy
15:Management: An Overview
16:Management: Patient’s role
17:Management: Rheumatologist’s role
18:NSAIDs and conventional DMARDs
19:Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
20:IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors; and targeted synthetic DMARDs
21:Living with the disease and its socioeconomic impact
22:Fused (ankylosed) spine and risk of fractures
23:Surgical treatment
24:Nontraditional (complementary or alternative) therapy
25:Disease course and effect on lifespan
26:Illustrative case histories
Appendix 1: Patient support groups and organizations
Appendix 2: Glossary
Appendix 3: List of abbreviations
Appendix 4: References and further reading
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